What’s the Difference Between Eye Allergy and Eye Infection?

Allergies and infections are common causes of eye discomfort. The two often have similar symptoms, such as eye redness and itchiness. However, they are not caused by the same things and require different treatments. 

A local optician shares the difference between eye allergies and eye infections. 

Eye Allergies

What Causes Eye Allergies? 

Eye allergies happen when an allergen comes across with the antibodies in your eyes’ mast cells. These cells produce histamine and other chemicals as a response, causing tiny blood vessels to leak. As a result, you will experience itchy, red and watery eyes. 

 

The most common type of eye allergy is seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC). It can occur in spring, summer or fall, depending on the type of plant pollen present in the air. On the other hand, perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) can happen at any time of the year. It can be triggered by mold, pet dander, and dust mites. 

 

What Are Their Symptoms?

Redness, itching and tearing often characterize eye allergies. Sometimes, severe inflammation can occur, affecting one’s vision. Patients may also experience eyelid swelling, light sensitivity and a burning sensation. These symptoms can occur independently or along with nasal or skin allergies. 

 

How Are They Treated?

Many over-the-counter eye drops can give relief from allergies. They contain antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers to hinder the production of chemicals in your body that trigger allergic reactions. There are also eye drops that you can take before you experience symptoms. 

 

Do keep in mind that some eye drops are not suitable for people with certain conditions. It’s best to consult your eye doctor or schedule an eye exam to determine the safest treatment for you. Moreover, your specialist might recommend steroid eye drops if your allergies are more severe. 

 

Eye Infections

What Are the Common Causes of Eye Infections? 

Unlike allergies, bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites cause eye infections. Conjunctivitis, keratitis, stye, cellulitis, endophthalmitis, blepharitis and uveitis are among the most common eye infections. 

Sleeping without removing contact lenses is one of the most common ways people develop an eye infection. You could also get it if you don’t clean your contacts properly or wash your hands before putting them on. An infection can occur due to eye injuries as well. 

 

What Are Their Symptoms?  

Eye infections share similar symptoms with eye allergies, such as eye redness, itching and irritation. They can cause eye pain, swelling and watering. Patients may experience light sensitivity, blurred vision or fever as the condition worsens. A yellow discharge from the eyes can also be an indication of infection. 

 

What Are Your Treatment Options?

Your doctor will be able to identify the type of eye infection you have after an eye examination. They could recommend eye drops, ointments or tablets. Antibacterial medications usually take effect a day or two after use. 

 

How Do You Know the Difference Between Eye Allergies and Infections?

Eye infections tend to have more symptoms than eye allergies. You’re likely suffering from an eye infection if you are feeling pain. If you are feeling severe discomfort, it’s best to seek professional help. Only your eye doctor can provide proper diagnosis and treatment. Some infections are contagious, while others can cause more complications if not addressed immediately.  

 

What Can You Do to Avoid Eye Problems?

Practice Proper Hygiene

Frequent hand washing goes a long way in preventing eye allergies and infections. It can keep harmful microorganisms and allergens from spreading around different parts of your body, including the eyes. Experts recommend washing your hands for 20 seconds or more to eliminate viruses and bacteria. 

 

Avoid Rubbing Your Eyes

You should avoid rubbing or touching your eyes, even if you wash your hands often. If you have allergies and you rub your eyes, the mast cells will create more histamines, causing your symptoms to get worse. Do you wear contact lenses? If so, it will help to switch to eyeglasses during allergy season or when the pollen count is high. You can also flush out allergens from your eyes with preservative-free artificial tears.  

 

Keep Your Home Clean

Indoor air contaminants, such as mold, pet dander and dust mites, can cause eye allergies. One way to minimize them is to keep your living space clean. Wash your sheets frequently with hot water and replace your mattress if it’s old. Regular mopping will also help reduce allergens in your home. If you have rugs or carpets, consider replacing them with low-maintenance flooring options like tile and hardwood. 

 

Maintain Healthy Humidity Levels Indoors

Mold thrives in damp or moisture-rich places such as basements, bathrooms and kitchens. Running exhaust fans and a dehumidifier can help eliminate excess moisture from indoor spaces. Consider getting a high-efficiency particulate (HEPA) filter for your air conditioner. It traps air contaminants that can cause allergies, including mold. 

 

Clean and Store Contact Lenses Properly

Contact lenses rest directly on the surface of your eyes. Proper cleaning can eliminate bacteria, viruses and fungi in your contacts, protecting you against eye infections. Be sure to wash and dry your hands before handling the lenses. Also, store them and replace their case as instructed by your eye doctor. 

Wear Sunglasses to Protect Your Eyes From Pollen

When the pollen count is high, it’s best to stay indoors if you have SAC. Close your windows and run your AC. If you must go outside, wear sunglasses to prevent pollen from entering your eyes. 

 

Get Immediate Treatment for Injuries

People who work in construction or with chemicals are at high risk of eye injuries. It’s the same for individuals who play sports. Proper eye protection is essential when doing activities that can harm the eyes. If eye injuries occur, seek professional care immediately to avoid infections and irreversible vision loss.